Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics

  Stem cells are the body's raw material cells from which all other cells with particular purposes are made. Under the accurate circumstances in the body or a research laboratory, stem cells split to form more cells called daughter cells. Stem cell therapy, also identified as regenerative medicine, helps the repair response of unhealthy, dysfunctional or wounded tissue by stem cells or their derivatives. Researchers develop stem cells in a laboratory. These stem cells are operated to specialize into precise types of cells, such as heart muscle cells, blood cells or nerve cells. The specific cells can then be inserted into an individual. For example, if the individual has heart disease, the cells can be inserted into the heart muscle. The healthy transplanted heart muscle cells could then add to repairing defective heart muscle.

  Molecular genetics is a sub-field of biology that reports how the dissimilarities in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifest as variation amongst the organisms. Molecular genetics frequently applies an "investigative method" to regulate the structure and/or function of genes in an organism's genome by means of genetic screens. Forward genetics is a molecular genetics technique which is used to detect genes or genetic mutations that yield a certain phenotype. In a genetic screen, casual mutations are produced with mutagens (chemicals or radiation) or transposons and individuals are mark off for the precise phenotype. Reverse genetics is the term for molecular genetics techniques used to define the phenotype resulting from an intentional mutation in a gene of interest. The phenotype is used to presume the function of the un-mutated form of the gene.

  Molecular oncology has recognized genes that are involved in the growth of cancer. The  investigation combined different methods going from genomics, computational biology, tumor imaging, in vitro and in vivo functional models to study biological and clinical phenotypes. The proteins formed by these genes may serve as marks for novel chemotherapy drugs and other cancer treatments, or imaging scans. Scientists use a variety of methods to validate the role of the novel candidate genes in the growth of cancer. The ultimate aim is to translate these results into better treatment options for cancer patients. There are numerous different genes being investigated for possible cancer therapies . Between the most studied are the p53 gene and the PTEN gene. These genes are the main regulators of the cell cycle and other pathways involved in cellular and genomic integrity. 

  The purpose of molecular pathology is to reveal the mechanisms of disease by recogn ising molecular and pathway variations. At the core of this still-evolving discipline is the application of classical and novel methods established in biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, proteomics, and genetics, to the evaluation of pathological processes. Numerous methods of molecular pathology depend on on the use of labelled antibodies and nucleic acid probes and are either slide-or fluid-based. Through molecular and genetic methods, molecular pathology methods are used across a variety of specialties to diagnose and assess risk for a multitude of diseases. As the preparation of molecular pathology develops, so does the technology that allows this important testing. In providing care for patients, molecular scientists use numerous advanced technologies and instruments that signify the cutting-edge of modern health care .