Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics

  The area of molecular biology has a deep impact in life science research. Major developments in molecular biology over the past four decades have inspired research and progress in almost all the disciplines of life science.  This heavy force includes the development of more and more refined experimental techniques in molecular biology with a broad, interdisciplinary applicability; the ever-expanding movement of info of technical novelties and scientific findings across the scientific community; and the improvement of specific software and continuously updated databases for, respectively, analyzing and storing data on genotypes,   gene expression levels, cytogenetic profiles and other molecular features.  One main example is the innovation in  high-throughput biology, next generation sequencing and recombinant DNA technology, which made the potential to unveil the extraordinary complexity of the genome and elucidate the precise mechanisms for the communication of the genetic infor

  Cells are the simple building blocks of all living things, and genes can be found deep within cells. Genes are minor pieces of DNA that transport genetic info and orders for making proteins, which benefits to shape and maintain the body . Genetic diseases occur when a dangerous piece or whole segment of DNA is replaced, deleted or duplicated . These variations are called genetic mutations. Some severe genetic diseases initiated by genetic mutations can be passed to future generations.  Cell therapy and gene therapy are coinciding fields of biomedical research and treatment . Both therapies target is to treat, prevent, or possibly cure diseases, and both methods have the potential to relieve the primary cause of genetic diseases and acquired diseases. But, cell and gene therapies work in a different way.

  Biotechnology lets the improvement and production of new materials that were earlier beyond the capability of traditional technologies. This comprises the design and production of new drugs with better potency and specificity and, consequently, fewer side effects. One instance of this is the treatment for multiple sclerosis. The concerns about product safety in technologically advanced countries have largely been removed thanks to the growth of biopharmaceuticals. Biotechnology deals a better control over the manufacturing process, letting significant decrease in risks of infection through infectious pathogens. A major example is the blood products used to treat haemophilia. Biotechnology offers better product-targeting for specific diseases and patient groups, through the usage of innovative technologies, in particular, genetics. Examples comprise, amongst others, treatments for rare diseases and cancers.

    In  cancer  research and medicine,  biomarkers  are used in three crucial ways: To support and diagnose illnesses, as in the situation of detecting initial stage  cancers to forecast how hostile a condition is, as in the situation of determining a patient's capacity to fare in the absence of treatment .   Cancer biomarkers can also be beneficial in creating a precise diagnosis. This is mostly the case when there is a necessity to determine whether tumors are of  primary or  metastatic origin. To make this distinction, investigators can screen the chromosomal alterations found on cells situated in the primary tumor site against those found in the secondary site. If the alterations match, the secondary tumor can be known as metastatic; whereas if the changes differ, the secondary tumor can be recognised as a distinct primary tumor.